Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis / 生物工程学报

In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. Based on these results, hot-NaOH can be regarded as an option for Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment. Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed.

Clinical application of IPHP chemotherapy for gastric cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective　To evalute long-term effect of combined therapy (radical or palliative resection of carcer and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion (IPHP) chemotherapy) for advenced garstric cancer (GC) from October 1987 to October 1997 in our haspital. The cases were randomly divided into two groups: IPHP group (37 cases) and control group (34 cases). In IPHP group, before suture the abdomine, heated 5-Fu solution in abdominal cavity should be maintained at 42～43℃ for 60 minutes. Results　After IPHP chemotherapy, 12 patients with cancer cells widespreading in abdominal carity, refractable ascites were disappeared. All the patients were dischargd after IPHP. The 5-year survival rate in IPHP group (51.6%) was significanfly highter than that in control group (32.3%) (P<0.05).